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Text Box: Detectives are usually thought of as police officers in a local police department. The usual function of a detective is to do investigative functions, such as gathering facts and collect evidence. Detectives are usually promoted from the ranks, with two to five years experience as a uniformed officer. Some are appointed, but many are required to take an exam. Some departments require a degree in some sort of criminal justice or law program. The education continues with training at specialized academies.

Text Box: Private detectives are subject to the laws of the state in which they practice. Usually they must pass a test, meet certain requirements, be bonded and pay an annual fee. Most specialize in a type of investigation. Lawyers, insurance companies and some corporations hire private investigators, and some have them working as part of their staff. Since detectives are often called to provide testimony, they should have excellent background histories and be capable of making a good appearance in court.

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Text Box: Igor’s application. Igor sued. Should Igor be admitted to the university? What’s your verdict? Trial Court Decision: Igor should be admitted. Appeals Court Decision: Igor should be admitted because it did not require

Text Box: Igor applied to a university for acceptance. The University requires a vaccine before he can be admitted. Igor refused. The university supplied him with forms for refusing the vaccine on religious grounds. The form required a statement from the applicant that they were a member of the Christian Science faith. Igor was not a member of the Christian Science faith, but still refused the vaccine on religious grounds. The university turned down

Text Box: vaccination of Christian Scientists. To exclude Igor would show preference for one set of religious beliefs over another.

Text Box: Investigative attorney, physical security consultant, Marc Weber Tobias got substantial media attention for his newly published book “Open in 30 Seconds: Cracking One of the Most Secure Locks in America” at the HOPE conference with his widely reported claim that lock manufacturers “still believe in security through obscurity. By not fixing the problems lock hackers identify, lock-makers are putting the public at risk,” says Tobias. “They have a duty to disclose vulnerabilities. If they don't, we will." Such bravado aside, many lock hackers insist that they are performing a public service and that, by defeating security measures and publicizing these exploits, they are forcing

Text Box: companies to improve their products. Medeco’s Roberson, CPP, AHC, CML appreciates the point and says that Medeco supports anything that improves security. “If they’re trying to improve the general technology and the body of knowledge that’s a good thing. If they’re going beyond that and educating people on the internet on how to break into people’s locks; that could be dangerous. People could get hurt by that.” 2600 magazine prints articles and stories by and about HOPE. Use caution if you try to download information from any of their websites.

Text Box: Lock hackers are people that try to figure out how to open door locks, padlocks or bypassing other security measures. The counter-cultural appeal of these lock hackers is not lost on the consumer media looking for headlines that pique reader interest. C/Net, Scientific American, Wired News, and Forbes all found reason to spotlight the Last HOPE (Hackers On Planet Earth) conference this month. These sites and others inevitably the published pieces containing an amalgam of readily-linked video of $2 padlock defeats with boasts of cracking high security locks used for security of the White House and the Pentagon.