General Information

Definitions, Terms, Explanations





Definitions:

"Q"
A constant charge.    (-also-)    "q" a charge that varies with time. (written as small q)

"COULOMB"     symbol C
The amount of electrical charge transported by a current of one ampere flowing for one second.  A charge of  [6.241  x  10^18]  electrons = -1 C.  A charge of  [6.241  x  10^18]  protons = 1 C.

"VOLT"
A unit of electromotive force (emf) or potential difference. V(volts) = W(joules)  /  Q(coulombs).

"AMPERE"
Current. A steady flow of charge flowing past a certain point in one second. I(amperes) = Q(coulombs)  /  t(seconds).

"WORK"
To move an object against a force that opposes the motion. W(joules) = F(newtons) x s(meters).

"ENERGY"
Joule, erg. The capacity to do work. Power supplied over time. W(joules) = P(watts) x t(seconds).

"POWER"
The rate at which energy is produced or absorbed. P = W(joules)  /  t(seconds)  or  P(watts) = V(volts)  x  I(amperes).

"COEFFICIENT"
A value constant multiplied by a variable. (coefficient) times (a + b)  or  x(a+b) .  The coefficient can also be a real number. 1.215(watts).



DEFINITION: Self-Runner
    |a integral b| f(x) dx
1. The machine has to have power sufficient to operate
2. The machine has to recreate that same power in and of itself
3. The machine has to deliver enough energy to push its own created power back through itself
            - theoretically requires ECOP > 2 - for an electrically driven machine




Commonly Misused and Misunderstood Terms

"OVERUNITY"
Traditional:  More energy OUT than IN.   [energy, not power]

"Q Factor"
Traditional:  The ratio of energy stored to energy lost per cycle.

"COP"
Traditional:  (Coeffient of Power) Used to express the comparison of power out to work accomplished. Examples would be electrical energy to torque, torque to volume of water pumped, wind energy conversion, etc. COP generally applies to applications of a mechanical nature such as shaft power, wind turbine power, lifting power, and similar.
Traditional:  (Coeffient of Performance) As applied to heating and cooling. Wikipedia Equations.

"ECOP"
Traditional:  (Electrical Coeffient of Performance) The ratio of heating (or cooling) to the energy consumed by a system.
Traditional:  (Electrical Coeffiency of Performance) ECOP = |a integral b|  f(x) dx. Full range system performance (electrical).

"Eff"
Traditional:  (Efficiency Factor) (efficiency) = (power out)  /  (power in)  x  (%) or  Eff = (useful power out)  /  (power in).

"PF"
Traditional:  (Power Factor) The ratio of power used relative to power available. Usually expressed as a decimal. P(watts) = (volt-amps)  x  (power factor), or also  P = (volt-amps)  x  |cos ø|.

"RMS"
Traditional:  (Root Mean Square) The square root of the average of the square's set of values. RMS = Sqrt  ( V1²  +  V2²  +  V3²  +  ....Vn² ). A term commonly used with AC voltages or variable currents to show the equivalent DC voltage or current. Example: RMS = (nominal 60 hz, AC peak voltage) x .707




Black Box

An imaginary isolation of components or features of a device, its operator, and those properties.

Black Box performance tests dictate that no changes are allowed inside the black box, no co-mingling
of computations from inside and outside the box, and nothing is added or subtracted from inside to outside
or vice-versa during the period of time of any testing.




To determine function and core construction (materials, composite, etc)